Sources — Spreading Activation

Primary references supporting the historical foundations, formal structures, and related structural perspectives associated with spreading activation.

Historical Foundations

M. Ross Quillian
Semantic Memory (1968)
https://philpapers.org/rec/QUISN
Allan M. Collins & M. Ross Quillian
Retrieval Time from Semantic Memory (1969)
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(69)80069-1
Allan M. Collins & Elizabeth F. Loftus
A Spreading-Activation Theory of Semantic Processing (1975)
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.407
John R. Anderson
The Architecture of Cognition (1983)
https://archive.org/details/architectureofco00ande

Formal Structures

Thomas R. Gruber
A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications (1993)
https://doi.org/10.1006/knac.1993.1008
W3C
RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax
https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/
W3C
OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Overview
https://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/

Related Structural Perspectives

Claude E. Shannon
A Mathematical Theory of Communication (1948)
https://archive.org/details/bstj27-4-623
Norbert Wiener
Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (1948)
https://archive.org/details/cyberneticsorcon00wien
Ludwig von Bertalanffy
General System Theory (1968)
https://archive.org/details/generalsystemthe0000bert_f7s2

Structural Interpretation

The historical origins of spreading activation emerged from semantic memory research, semantic network theory, and activation-based cognitive models.

The propagation pattern described by the model appears across a broader range of interconnected systems in which activation, signals, influence, relevance, or state changes move through relationships.

This reference focuses on the structural properties of activation propagation rather than any specific implementation domain.

Historical origin and structural reach should not be treated as equivalent concepts. The sources above distinguish between the origin of the concept and broader structural patterns that may exhibit comparable propagation dynamics.